Fixing Our Eyes on the Hope of the Gospel through Scripture

Abbreviations and Definitions

In the translator’s notes for the Blessed Hope Translation, readers will encounter a range of different abbreviations. In the “Abbreviations and Definitions” lists posted here, these abbreviations, as well as the resources or the concepts that they represent, are arranged and listed out by category.

Abbreviations and Definitions Lists

BTF

Byzantine Textform

cf

confer, compare

DSS

Dead Sea Scrolls

eg

exempli gratia, for example

esp

especially

etc

et cetera

ie

id est, that is

ibid

ibidem, in the same place

LXX

Septuagint

MT

Masorectic Text

NT

New Testament

OT

Old Testament

sv

sub verbo, under the word

v

verse

vv

verses

Old Testament

Gn

Genesis

Ex

Exodus

Lv

Leviticus

Nu

Numbers

Dt

Deuteronomy

Jsh

Joshua

Jg

Judges

Ru

Ruth

1 Sm

1 Samuel

2 Sm

2 Samuel

1 Ki

1 Kings

2 Ki

2 Kings

1 Ch

1 Chronicles

2 Ch

2 Chronicles

Ezr

Ezra

Ne

Nehemiah

Es

Esther

Jb

Job

Ps

Psalms

Pr

Proverbs

Ec

Ecclesiastes

SoS

Song of Solomon

Is

Isaiah

Jr

Jeremiah

Lam

Lamentations

Ezk

Ezekiel

Dn

Daniel

Ho

Hosea

Jl

Joel

Am

Amos

Ob

Obadiah

Jnh

Jonah

Mic

Micah

Na

Nahum

Hab

Habakkuk

Zp

Zephaniah

Hg

Haggai

Zc

Zechariah

Ml

Malachi

New Testament

Mt

Matthew

Mk

Mark

Lk

Luke

Jn

John

Ac

Acts

Rm

Romans

1 Co

1 Corinthians

2 Co

2 Corinthians

Ga

Galations

Eph

Ephesians

Php

Philippians

Col

Colossians

1 Th

1 Thessalonians

2 Th

2 Thessalonians

1 Ti

1 Timothy

2 Ti

2 Timothy

Tit

Titus

Phm

Philemon

Heb

Hebrews

Jm

James

1 Pt

1 Peter

2 Pt

2 Peter

1 Jn

1 John

2 Jn

2 John

3 Jn

3 John

Jud

Jude

Re

Revelation

1 Mac

1 Maccabees

2 Mac

2 Maccabees

3 Mac

3 Maccabees

4 Mac

4 Maccabees

2 Bar

2 Baruch

Ps Sol

Psalms of Solomon

Tob

Tobit

Sir

Sirach

EFE

English Functional Equivalent. Although there are certain areas in which Greek and English function in similar ways, there are also areas in which they accomplish certain tasks by means of different devices. In the footnotes, an EFE refers to a device that accomplishes in English what Greek accomplishes by means of its own devices.

E-O

Emphasis Other. In the footnotes, E-O means that a constituent is receiving emphasis based on factors and considerations other than newly activated information receiving extra focus through changes in word order. For more, see Runge, Steven E. The Lexham Discourse Greek New Testament: Introduction. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2008, 3.2.

FBT Chart

Flesh in Biblical Theology Chart. In the footnotes, FBT Chart refers to the chart to which I turned regularly in attempting to identify the meaning of the word “flesh” in various contexts while translating. The chart can be accessed here.

IT

Implicit Text. In the footnotes, IT refers to information that is activated from the context, and/or to the conceptual files that were automatically accessible to an original audience—and, therefore, were part of the text—but which may not be to modern readers. For further discussion, see the following sections in “My Approach to Translation”: An Integrative Approach, and Resources on Which I Have Leaned Heavily.

ME

Meaning Equivalent. In the footnotes, ME refers to a rendering based on meaning rather than form. In other words, the translation choice reflects an answer to the question, “What does this mean?” For further discussion, see the following sections in “My Approach to Translation”: Differing Blueprints, When Has a Translator “Crossed the Line?”, An Integrative Approach, and Resources on Which I Have Leaned Heavily.

ME(H)

Meaning Equivalent (Historical). In the footnotes, ME(H) refers to a meaning-equivalent chosen primarily with historical considerations in mind. In other words, the translation choice was made with the goal of creating an accurate historical picture in the minds of readers.

ME(I/F)

Meaning Equivalent (Idiomatic/Figurative Language). In the footnotes, ME(I/F) refers to a rendering that attempts to convey the meaning of language that is likely to be obscure to many modern readers because of its highly figurative or idiomatic nature.

ME(OTB)

Meaning Equivalent (Old Testament Background). In the footnotes, ME(OTB) refers to a meaning-equivalent chosen in order to
build conceptual bridges between the New Testament and
the Old Testament background and theological framework
that it presupposes. For further discussion, see the following
sections in “My Approach to Translation”: Conceptual Bridges between OT and NT.

P2

Position 2. This is a technical linguistic term derived from the work of Simon Dik (for an excellent summary of Dik’s model, see Runge, Discourse Grammar, 181-205, 269-85). Greek, like other languages, has its default or unmarked word order. In Greek, when a certain element is in Position 1 (P1), it means that the element is functioning as a frame of reference. When newly activated information is in P2, it means that the information is receiving extra focus and emphasis in the Greek text (many linguists prefer the term “prominence” to “emphasis”). In the footnotes, an element “being in P2” simply means that the element is being emphasized in the Greek text.

VCC

Verbal Complex Charts. In the footnotes, VCC refers to a set of
charts in which I analyze the pragmatic function of certain
verbs in certain contexts. Click Here to access the charts. For further discussion, see the following sections in “My
Approach to Translation”: Resources on Which I Have Leaned
Heavily
and Attentiveness to Verbal Aspect.

VPR

Verbal Pragmatics Rendering. In the footnotes, VPR means
that a verb or participle is being translated in accordance
with its pragmatic function in a particular context. The analysis
behind the rendering is represented in the Verbal Complex Charts.

Anchor

The Anchor Bible

ASV

American Standard Version (1901)

Brc

Barclay

BRCL

Brazilian Portuguese Common Language Version

BrentonLXX

Brenton’s English Translation of the Septuagint

CEV

Contemporary English Version

CJB

Complete Jewish Bible

DuCL

Dutch Common Language Version

ESV

English Standard Version

FrCL

French Common Language Version

GeCL

German Common Language Version

Gdspd

Goodspeed

GNC

God’s New Covenant

HCSB

Holman Christian Standard Bible

ISV

International Standard Version

ItCL

Italian Common Language Version

JB

Jerusalem Bible

LEB

Lexham English Bible

LES

Lexham English Septuagint

KJV

King James Version (1900)

NA27

Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament, 27th edition

NAB

New American Bible

NASB

New American Standard Version (95)

NCV

New Century Version

NEB

New English Bible

NET

The NET Bible

NIV

New International Version (84)

NJB

New Jerusalem Bible

NKJV

New King James Version

NLT

New Living Translation

NRSV

New Revised Standard Version

NEB

New English Bible

Mfft

Moffatt

Phps

Phillips

REB

Revised English Bible

RNAB

Revised New American Bible

RSV

Revised Standard Version

SpCL

Spanish Common Language Version

TEV

Today’s English Version/Good News Bible

TNT

Translator’s New Testament

UBS4

The UBS Greek New Testament, 4th edition

Wycliffe

Wycliffe’s Translation

YLT

Young’s Literal Translations

ANLEX

Friberg, Timothy, Barbara Friberg, and Neva F. Miller. Analytical Lexicon of the Greek New Testament. Baker’s Greek New Testament Library. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2000.

BART Display

Levinsohn, Stephen H. “BART Displays | Scholars.” Accessed May 23, 2019. https://scholars.sil.org/stephen_h_levinsohn/
bart
.

BDAG

Arndt, William, Frederick W. Danker, and Walter Bauer. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.

BDB

Brown, Francis, Samuel Rolles Driver, and Charles Augustus Briggs. Enhanced Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon. Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, 2000.

BDF

Blass, Friedrich, Albert Debrunner, and Robert Walter Funk. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.

BEB

Elwell, Walter A., and Barry J. Beitzel. Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988.

BEC

Wiersbe, Warren W. The Bible Exposition Commentary. Vol. 1. Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1996.

BKC

Walvoord, John F., Roy B. Zuck, and Dallas Theological Seminary, eds. The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures. Wheaton, Ill: Victor Books, 1983.

BSL

Thompson, Jeremy. Bible Sense Lexicon. Logos Bible Software. Bellingham, WA: Faithlife, 2015.

Black, Grammar

Black, David Alan. Learn to Read New Testament Greek. Nashville: B&H Publishing Group, 2009.

CDWGTHB

Strong, James. A Concise Dictionary of the Words in the Greek Testament and The Hebrew Bible. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2009.

CHALOT

Holladay, William Lee, and Ludwig Köhler. A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Leiden: Brill, 2000.

DBL Greek

Swanson, James. Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains: Greek (New Testament). Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1997.

DBL Hebrew

Swanson, James. Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Hebrew (Old Testament). Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1997.

EBD

Easton, M. G. Easton’s Bible Dictionary. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893.

ECB

Elwell, Walter A. Evangelical Commentary on the Bible. Vol. 3. Baker Reference Library. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1995.

EDBT

Elwell, Walter A., and Walter A. Elwell. Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology. Baker Reference Library. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1996.

Edersheim, L&T

Edersheim, Alfred. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. Vol. 1. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 1896.

ESS

Exegetical Summary Series (SIL International)

ESL

Strong, James. Enhanced Strong’s Lexicon. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2001.

FC, Manners

Freeman, James M., and Harold J. Chadwick. Manners & Customs of the Bible. North Brunswick, NJ: Bridge-Logos Publishers, 1998.

FSB

Barry, John D., Michael S. Heiser, Miles Custis, Douglas Mangum, and Matthew M. Whitehead. Faithlife Study Bible. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012.

GHCLOT

Gesenius, Wilhelm, and Samuel Prideaux Tregelles. Gesenius’ Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2003.

HBD

Achtemeier, Paul J., Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature. Harper’s Bible Dictionary. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985.

HIBD

Brand, Chad, Charles Draper, and Archie England. Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary, 2003.

HNTC

Anders, Max, ed. Holman New Testament Commentary. Nashville, Tenn: Holman Reference, 1998.

IGEL

Liddell, H.G. A Lexicon: Abridged from Liddell and Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon. Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1996.

NBC

Carson, D. A., R. T. France, J. A. Motyer, and G. J. Wenham, eds. New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition. 4th ed. Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1994.

JFB

Jamieson, Robert, A. R. Fausset, and David Brown. Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible. Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1997.

Josephus, Wars/Antiquities

Josephus, Flavius, and William Whiston. The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987.

LALS

The Lexham Analytical Lexicon to the Septuagint. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012.

LBD

The Lexham Bible Dictionary. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2013, 2014.

Lange, Commentary

Lange, John Peter, and J. J. van Oosterzee. A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures. Translated by Philip Schaff and Charles C. Starbuck. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2008.

L-N

Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene Albert Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1996.

LEH LXX Lex

Lust, Johan, Erik Eynikel, and Katrin Hauspie. A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint : Revised Edition. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart, 2003.

LDGNT

Runge, Steven E. The Lexham Discourse Greek New Testament. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2008.

LDGNTG

Runge, Steven E. The Lexham Discourse Greek New Testament: Glossary. Lexham Press, 2008.

LGSWE

Biber, Douglas, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech. Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Essex, UK: Pearson Education Limited, 2002.

Little Kittel

Kittel, Gerhard, Gerhard Friedrich, and Geoffrey William Bromiley. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 1985.

LSGNT Notes

Lukaszewski, Albert L., and Mark Dubis. The Lexham Syntactic Greek New Testament: Expansions and Annotations. Logos Bible Software, 2009.

LXGRCANLEX

The Lexham Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New Testament. Logos Bible Software, 2011.

M-M

Moulton, James Hope, and George Milligan. The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1930.

McGirr, Ten Ways

McGirr, Randall D. Ten Ways to Improve New Testament Translations: The Results of a Linguistic Evaluation. Review Copy. Context Scripture Translating, 2011. Accessed November 17, 2014.

Mills, Life of Christ

Mills, M. S. (1999). The Life of Christ: A Study Guide to the Gospel Record (Mt 6:16–18). Dallas, TX: 3E Ministries.

Miriam-Webster’s

Mish, Frederick C. “Preface.” Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2003.

Mishnah

Neusner, Jacob. The Mishnah: A New Translation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988.

Mounce, Grammar

Mounce, William D. Basics of Biblical Greek Grammar, 2nd ed.. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2003.

NAC

New American Commentary. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers.

NASB-Dic

Thomas, Robert L. New American Standard Hebrew-Aramaic and Greek Dictionaries: Updated Edition. Anaheim: Foundation Publications, Inc., 1998.

NBC

Carson, D. A., R. T. France, J. A. Motyer, and G. J. Wenham, eds. New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition. 4th ed. Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1994.

NET Bible Notes

Biblical Studies Press. The NET Bible First Edition Notes. Biblical Studies Press, 2006.

Richards, BR Companion

Richards, Lawrence O. The Bible Reader’s Companion. electronic ed. Wheaton: Victor Books, 1991.

Runge, Disc Grammar

Runge, Steven E. Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament: A Practical Introduction for Teaching and Exegesis. Lexham Bible reference series. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson Publishers Marketing, 2010.

Robertson, Word Pictures

Robertson, A.T. Word Pictures in the New Testament. Nashville, TN: Broadman Press, 1933.

Robertson, Grammar

Robertson, A. T. A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research. Logos Bible Software, 1919.

Spence, PC

Spence, The Pulpit Commentary

Stern, JNTC

Stern, David H. Jewish New Testament Commentary: A Companion Volume to the Jewish New Testament. electronic ed. Clarksville: Jewish New Testament Publications, 1996.

TLNT

Spicq, Ceslas, and James D. Ernest. Theological Lexicon of the New Testament. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1994.

TLOT

Jenni, Ernst, and Claus Westermann. Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1997.

TBD

Elwell, Walter A., and Philip Wesley Comfort. Tyndale Bible Dictionary. Tyndale Reference Library. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2001.

TCBC

Hughes, Robert B., J. Carl Laney, and Robert B. Hughes. Tyndale Concise Bible Commentary. The Tyndale reference library. Wheaton, Ill: Tyndale House Publishers, 2001.

TDNT

Kittel, Gerhard, Geoffrey W. Bromiley, and Gerhard Friedrich, eds. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1964–.

TWOT

White, William. Edited by R. Laird Harris, Gleason L. Archer Jr., and Bruce K. Waltke. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. Chicago: Moody Press, 1999.

UBSHS

United Bible Society Handbook Series

Vincent, Word Studies

Vincent, Marvin Richardson. Word Studies in the New Testament. Vols. 1 and 2. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1887.

Wallace, Grammar

Wallace, Daniel B. Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1996.

Wuest, Word Studies

Wuest, Kenneth S. Wuest’s Word Studies from the Greek New Testament: For the English Reader. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.

Words of Philo

Yonge, Charles Duke with Philo of Alexandria. The Works of Philo: Complete and Unabridged. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1995.

WWSGNT

Wuest, Kenneth S. Wuest’s Word Studies from the Greek New Testament: For the English Reader. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.

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