Fixing Our Eyes on the Hope of the Gospel through Scripture
Abbreviations and Definitions
In the translator’s notes for the Blessed Hope Translation, readers will encounter a range of different abbreviations. In the “Abbreviations and Definitions” lists posted here, these abbreviations, as well as the resources or the concepts that they represent, are arranged and listed out by category.
Abbreviations and Definitions Lists
BTF
Byzantine Textform
cf
confer, compare
DSS
Dead Sea Scrolls
eg
exempli gratia, for example
esp
especially
etc
et cetera
ie
id est, that is
ibid
ibidem, in the same place
LXX
Septuagint
MT
Masorectic Text
NT
New Testament
OT
Old Testament
sv
sub verbo, under the word
v
verse
vv
verses
Old Testament
Gn
Genesis
Ex
Exodus
Lv
Leviticus
Nu
Numbers
Dt
Deuteronomy
Jsh
Joshua
Jg
Judges
Ru
Ruth
1 Sm
1 Samuel
2 Sm
2 Samuel
1 Ki
1 Kings
2 Ki
2 Kings
1 Ch
1 Chronicles
2 Ch
2 Chronicles
Ezr
Ezra
Ne
Nehemiah
Es
Esther
Jb
Job
Ps
Psalms
Pr
Proverbs
Ec
Ecclesiastes
SoS
Song of Solomon
Is
Isaiah
Jr
Jeremiah
Lam
Lamentations
Ezk
Ezekiel
Dn
Daniel
Ho
Hosea
Jl
Joel
Am
Amos
Ob
Obadiah
Jnh
Jonah
Mic
Micah
Na
Nahum
Hab
Habakkuk
Zp
Zephaniah
Hg
Haggai
Zc
Zechariah
Ml
Malachi
New Testament
Mt
Matthew
Mk
Mark
Lk
Luke
Jn
John
Ac
Acts
Rm
Romans
1 Co
1 Corinthians
2 Co
2 Corinthians
Ga
Galations
Eph
Ephesians
Php
Philippians
Col
Colossians
1 Th
1 Thessalonians
2 Th
2 Thessalonians
1 Ti
1 Timothy
2 Ti
2 Timothy
Tit
Titus
Phm
Philemon
Heb
Hebrews
Jm
James
1 Pt
1 Peter
2 Pt
2 Peter
1 Jn
1 John
2 Jn
2 John
3 Jn
3 John
Jud
Jude
Re
Revelation
1 Mac
1 Maccabees
2 Mac
2 Maccabees
3 Mac
3 Maccabees
4 Mac
4 Maccabees
2 Bar
2 Baruch
Ps Sol
Psalms of Solomon
Tob
Tobit
Sir
Sirach
EFE
English Functional Equivalent. Although there are certain areas in which Greek and English function in similar ways, there are also areas in which they accomplish certain tasks by means of different devices. In the footnotes, an EFE refers to a device that accomplishes in English what Greek accomplishes by means of its own devices.
E-O
Emphasis Other. In the footnotes, E-O means that a constituent is receiving emphasis based on factors and considerations other than newly activated information receiving extra focus through changes in word order. For more, see Runge, Steven E. The Lexham Discourse Greek New Testament: Introduction. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2008, 3.2.
FBT Chart
Flesh in Biblical Theology Chart. In the footnotes, FBT Chart refers to the chart to which I turned regularly in attempting to identify the meaning of the word “flesh” in various contexts while translating. The chart can be accessed here.
IT
Implicit Text. In the footnotes, IT refers to information that is activated from the context, and/or to the conceptual files that were automatically accessible to an original audience—and, therefore, were part of the text—but which may not be to modern readers. For further discussion, see the following sections in “My Approach to Translation”: An Integrative Approach, and Resources on Which I Have Leaned Heavily.
ME
Meaning Equivalent. In the footnotes, ME refers to a rendering based on meaning rather than form. In other words, the translation choice reflects an answer to the question, “What does this mean?” For further discussion, see the following sections in “My Approach to Translation”: Differing Blueprints, When Has a Translator “Crossed the Line?”, An Integrative Approach, and Resources on Which I Have Leaned Heavily.
ME(H)
Meaning Equivalent (Historical). In the footnotes, ME(H) refers to a meaning-equivalent chosen primarily with historical considerations in mind. In other words, the translation choice was made with the goal of creating an accurate historical picture in the minds of readers.
ME(I/F)
Meaning Equivalent (Idiomatic/Figurative Language). In the footnotes, ME(I/F) refers to a rendering that attempts to convey the meaning of language that is likely to be obscure to many modern readers because of its highly figurative or idiomatic nature.
ME(OTB)
Meaning Equivalent (Old Testament Background). In the footnotes, ME(OTB) refers to a meaning-equivalent chosen in order to
build conceptual bridges between the New Testament and
the Old Testament background and theological framework
that it presupposes. For further discussion, see the following
sections in “My Approach to Translation”: Conceptual Bridges between OT and NT.
P2
Position 2. This is a technical linguistic term derived from the work of Simon Dik (for an excellent summary of Dik’s model, see Runge, Discourse Grammar, 181-205, 269-85). Greek, like other languages, has its default or unmarked word order. In Greek, when a certain element is in Position 1 (P1), it means that the element is functioning as a frame of reference. When newly activated information is in P2, it means that the information is receiving extra focus and emphasis in the Greek text (many linguists prefer the term “prominence” to “emphasis”). In the footnotes, an element “being in P2” simply means that the element is being emphasized in the Greek text.
VCC
Verbal Complex Charts. In the footnotes, VCC refers to a set of
charts in which I analyze the pragmatic function of certain
verbs in certain contexts. Click Here to access the charts. For further discussion, see the following sections in “My
Approach to Translation”: Resources on Which I Have Leaned
Heavily and Attentiveness to Verbal Aspect.
VPR
Verbal Pragmatics Rendering. In the footnotes, VPR means
that a verb or participle is being translated in accordance
with its pragmatic function in a particular context. The analysis
behind the rendering is represented in the Verbal Complex Charts.
Anchor
The Anchor Bible
ASV
American Standard Version (1901)
Brc
Barclay
BRCL
Brazilian Portuguese Common Language Version
BrentonLXX
Brenton’s English Translation of the Septuagint
CEV
Contemporary English Version
CJB
Complete Jewish Bible
DuCL
Dutch Common Language Version
ESV
English Standard Version
FrCL
French Common Language Version
GeCL
German Common Language Version
Gdspd
Goodspeed
GNC
God’s New Covenant
HCSB
Holman Christian Standard Bible
ISV
International Standard Version
ItCL
Italian Common Language Version
JB
Jerusalem Bible
LEB
Lexham English Bible
LES
Lexham English Septuagint
KJV
King James Version (1900)
NA27
Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament, 27th edition
NAB
New American Bible
NASB
New American Standard Version (95)
NCV
New Century Version
NEB
New English Bible
NET
The NET Bible
NIV
New International Version (84)
NJB
New Jerusalem Bible
NKJV
New King James Version
NLT
New Living Translation
NRSV
New Revised Standard Version
NEB
New English Bible
Mfft
Moffatt
Phps
Phillips
REB
Revised English Bible
RNAB
Revised New American Bible
RSV
Revised Standard Version
SpCL
Spanish Common Language Version
TEV
Today’s English Version/Good News Bible
TNT
Translator’s New Testament
UBS4
The UBS Greek New Testament, 4th edition
Wycliffe
Wycliffe’s Translation
YLT
Young’s Literal Translations
ANLEX
Friberg, Timothy, Barbara Friberg, and Neva F. Miller. Analytical Lexicon of the Greek New Testament. Baker’s Greek New Testament Library. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2000.
BART Display
Levinsohn, Stephen H. “BART Displays | Scholars.” Accessed May 23, 2019. https://scholars.sil.org/stephen_h_levinsohn/
bart.
BDAG
Arndt, William, Frederick W. Danker, and Walter Bauer. A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2000.
BDB
Brown, Francis, Samuel Rolles Driver, and Charles Augustus Briggs. Enhanced Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon. Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, 2000.
BDF
Blass, Friedrich, Albert Debrunner, and Robert Walter Funk. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.
BEB
Elwell, Walter A., and Barry J. Beitzel. Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1988.
BEC
Wiersbe, Warren W. The Bible Exposition Commentary. Vol. 1. Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1996.
BKC
Walvoord, John F., Roy B. Zuck, and Dallas Theological Seminary, eds. The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures. Wheaton, Ill: Victor Books, 1983.
BSL
Thompson, Jeremy. Bible Sense Lexicon. Logos Bible Software. Bellingham, WA: Faithlife, 2015.
Black, Grammar
Black, David Alan. Learn to Read New Testament Greek. Nashville: B&H Publishing Group, 2009.
CDWGTHB
Strong, James. A Concise Dictionary of the Words in the Greek Testament and The Hebrew Bible. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2009.
CHALOT
Holladay, William Lee, and Ludwig Köhler. A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament. Leiden: Brill, 2000.
DBL Greek
Swanson, James. Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains: Greek (New Testament). Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1997.
DBL Hebrew
Swanson, James. Dictionary of Biblical Languages with Semantic Domains : Hebrew (Old Testament). Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1997.
EBD
Easton, M. G. Easton’s Bible Dictionary. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893.
ECB
Elwell, Walter A. Evangelical Commentary on the Bible. Vol. 3. Baker Reference Library. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1995.
EDBT
Elwell, Walter A., and Walter A. Elwell. Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology. Baker Reference Library. Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1996.
Edersheim, L&T
Edersheim, Alfred. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah. Vol. 1. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 1896.
ESS
Exegetical Summary Series (SIL International)
ESL
Strong, James. Enhanced Strong’s Lexicon. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2001.
FC, Manners
Freeman, James M., and Harold J. Chadwick. Manners & Customs of the Bible. North Brunswick, NJ: Bridge-Logos Publishers, 1998.
FSB
Barry, John D., Michael S. Heiser, Miles Custis, Douglas Mangum, and Matthew M. Whitehead. Faithlife Study Bible. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2012.
GHCLOT
Gesenius, Wilhelm, and Samuel Prideaux Tregelles. Gesenius’ Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2003.
HBD
Achtemeier, Paul J., Harper & Row and Society of Biblical Literature. Harper’s Bible Dictionary. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1985.
HIBD
Brand, Chad, Charles Draper, and Archie England. Holman Illustrated Bible Dictionary, 2003.
HNTC
Anders, Max, ed. Holman New Testament Commentary. Nashville, Tenn: Holman Reference, 1998.
IGEL
Liddell, H.G. A Lexicon: Abridged from Liddell and Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon. Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1996.
NBC
Carson, D. A., R. T. France, J. A. Motyer, and G. J. Wenham, eds. New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition. 4th ed. Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1994.
JFB
Jamieson, Robert, A. R. Fausset, and David Brown. Commentary Critical and Explanatory on the Whole Bible. Oak Harbor, WA: Logos Research Systems, Inc., 1997.
Josephus, Wars/Antiquities
Josephus, Flavius, and William Whiston. The Works of Josephus: Complete and Unabridged. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1987.
LALS
The Lexham Analytical Lexicon to the Septuagint. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012.
LBD
The Lexham Bible Dictionary. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2013, 2014.
Lange, Commentary
Lange, John Peter, and J. J. van Oosterzee. A Commentary on the Holy Scriptures. Translated by Philip Schaff and Charles C. Starbuck. Bellingham, WA: Logos Bible Software, 2008.
L-N
Louw, Johannes P., and Eugene Albert Nida. Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament: Based on Semantic Domains. New York: United Bible Societies, 1996.
LEH LXX Lex
Lust, Johan, Erik Eynikel, and Katrin Hauspie. A Greek-English Lexicon of the Septuagint : Revised Edition. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft: Stuttgart, 2003.
LDGNT
Runge, Steven E. The Lexham Discourse Greek New Testament. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2008.
LDGNTG
Runge, Steven E. The Lexham Discourse Greek New Testament: Glossary. Lexham Press, 2008.
LGSWE
Biber, Douglas, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech. Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Essex, UK: Pearson Education Limited, 2002.
Little Kittel
Kittel, Gerhard, Gerhard Friedrich, and Geoffrey William Bromiley. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: W.B. Eerdmans, 1985.
LSGNT Notes
Lukaszewski, Albert L., and Mark Dubis. The Lexham Syntactic Greek New Testament: Expansions and Annotations. Logos Bible Software, 2009.
LXGRCANLEX
The Lexham Analytical Lexicon to the Greek New Testament. Logos Bible Software, 2011.
M-M
Moulton, James Hope, and George Milligan. The Vocabulary of the Greek Testament. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1930.
McGirr, Ten Ways
McGirr, Randall D. Ten Ways to Improve New Testament Translations: The Results of a Linguistic Evaluation. Review Copy. Context Scripture Translating, 2011. Accessed November 17, 2014.
Mills, Life of Christ
Mills, M. S. (1999). The Life of Christ: A Study Guide to the Gospel Record (Mt 6:16–18). Dallas, TX: 3E Ministries.
Miriam-Webster’s
Mish, Frederick C. “Preface.” Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2003.
Mishnah
Neusner, Jacob. The Mishnah: A New Translation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988.
Mounce, Grammar
Mounce, William D. Basics of Biblical Greek Grammar, 2nd ed.. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2003.
NAC
New American Commentary. Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers.
NASB-Dic
Thomas, Robert L. New American Standard Hebrew-Aramaic and Greek Dictionaries: Updated Edition. Anaheim: Foundation Publications, Inc., 1998.
NBC
Carson, D. A., R. T. France, J. A. Motyer, and G. J. Wenham, eds. New Bible Commentary: 21st Century Edition. 4th ed. Leicester, England; Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press, 1994.
NET Bible Notes
Biblical Studies Press. The NET Bible First Edition Notes. Biblical Studies Press, 2006.
Richards, BR Companion
Richards, Lawrence O. The Bible Reader’s Companion. electronic ed. Wheaton: Victor Books, 1991.
Runge, Disc Grammar
Runge, Steven E. Discourse Grammar of the Greek New Testament: A Practical Introduction for Teaching and Exegesis. Lexham Bible reference series. Peabody, Mass: Hendrickson Publishers Marketing, 2010.
Robertson, Word Pictures
Robertson, A.T. Word Pictures in the New Testament. Nashville, TN: Broadman Press, 1933.
Robertson, Grammar
Robertson, A. T. A Grammar of the Greek New Testament in the Light of Historical Research. Logos Bible Software, 1919.
Spence, PC
Spence, The Pulpit Commentary
Stern, JNTC
Stern, David H. Jewish New Testament Commentary: A Companion Volume to the Jewish New Testament. electronic ed. Clarksville: Jewish New Testament Publications, 1996.
TLNT
Spicq, Ceslas, and James D. Ernest. Theological Lexicon of the New Testament. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1994.
TLOT
Jenni, Ernst, and Claus Westermann. Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 1997.
TBD
Elwell, Walter A., and Philip Wesley Comfort. Tyndale Bible Dictionary. Tyndale Reference Library. Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 2001.
TCBC
Hughes, Robert B., J. Carl Laney, and Robert B. Hughes. Tyndale Concise Bible Commentary. The Tyndale reference library. Wheaton, Ill: Tyndale House Publishers, 2001.
TDNT
Kittel, Gerhard, Geoffrey W. Bromiley, and Gerhard Friedrich, eds. Theological Dictionary of the New Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1964–.
TWOT
White, William. Edited by R. Laird Harris, Gleason L. Archer Jr., and Bruce K. Waltke. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament. Chicago: Moody Press, 1999.
UBSHS
United Bible Society Handbook Series
Vincent, Word Studies
Vincent, Marvin Richardson. Word Studies in the New Testament. Vols. 1 and 2. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1887.
Wallace, Grammar
Wallace, Daniel B. Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1996.
Wuest, Word Studies
Wuest, Kenneth S. Wuest’s Word Studies from the Greek New Testament: For the English Reader. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.
Words of Philo
Yonge, Charles Duke with Philo of Alexandria. The Works of Philo: Complete and Unabridged. Peabody, MA: Hendrickson, 1995.
WWSGNT
Wuest, Kenneth S. Wuest’s Word Studies from the Greek New Testament: For the English Reader. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1997.